Ice shield roof - We state in our contracts that “Ice and water shield shall be installed 3 feet from all bottom edges of the roof, in all the valleys, at all pitch changes, in all flashed areas (i.e. where roof hits walls, chimney, etc.) and around all roof penetrations (i.e. skylights etc.)”Follow along with Sean as he installs ice and water shield on this modular roof for training purposes, …

 
Calculate Ice and Water Shield. All you need to know is the soffit depth, exterior wall thickness, and pitch of the roof. This calculator will do the rest of the work. Calculate the row width needed for ice and water shield on any roof if the soffit depth, wall thickness and roof pitch are known.. Music discovery

Ice and water shield is technically an underlayment designed to be installed underneath a shingle, tile, or metal roof. Normally, this would be a felt underlayment commonly known as tar paper or roofing felt. Ice and water shield takes the idea of underlayment a step further. Whereas standard underlayment … See moreSimply measure the roof angle, overhang, and exterior wall width, placing those measurements into the calculator above. Our free ice and water shield calculator will give you the exact length you need to install from the roof edge. Provide this measurement with your estimate submission to the insurance adjuster, or submit your estimate to ...Ice and water shield helps prevent ice dams by providing a barrier that prevents water from melting snow and ice from infiltrating the roof. Added protection: …The Conventional Method. Cut the membrane into 10- to 15-foot lengths and re-roll loosely. Peel back 1 to 2-feet of release liner, align membrane. Peel the release liner from the membrane. Press the membrane of the self-adhering roofing underlayment in place with heavy hand pressure to ensure the desired adhesion to the roof deck.2. Where the rafter spacing is greater than 24 inches on center, roof boards shall be tongue and groove, at least 1.5 inches thick. (c) Roof planks. 1. Roof planks shall be tongue and groove or splined and at least 2 inches, nominal, in thickness. 2. Planks shall terminate over beams unless the joints are end matched. 3.1. Enhanced Leak Protection. Ice and water shields provide an extra layer of defense against leaks, ensuring that water does not penetrate the roof deck even if …Ice and water shield is commonly used on low pitch roofs, and anywhere water tends to move slowly off of the roof. Standing or slowly moving water is the enemy of roof decking, so any roof pitch lower than 3/12 should have ice and water shield installed, at least in the most vulnerable areas. Roofing Cost Calculators Asphalt Shingles Calculator Roof Area (sq. ft): Calculate Metal Roofing... Mar 5, 2024 · 8 Essentials for Ice and Water Shield Roof Performance 1. Proper Installation Techniques. When it comes to ensuring the effectiveness of an ice and water shield on your roof, proper installation techniques are crucial. Just make sure that the shield is installed smoothly and uniformly, without any wrinkles or gaps. Membrane Installation. Apply GRACE ICE & WATER SHIELD® in fair weather when the air, roof deck, and membrane are at temperatures of 5°C or higher. Apply roof covering material at temperatures of 5°C or higher. Cut the membrane into 3 to 5m lengths and reroll loosely. Peel back 300 to 600mm of release liner, align the membrane, and continue ...Your roofing system is made up of protective layers, designed with the latest technological advances to shield your home from ice and water- keeping your roof deck …Ice and water shields are essential parts of roofing systems, providing an effective barrier against water infiltration caused by ice dams and heavy rain. Proper …1. Enhanced Leak Protection. Ice and water shields provide an extra layer of defense against leaks, ensuring that water does not penetrate the roof deck even if …TABLE R905.1.1(1) UNDERLAYMENT TYPES ROOF COVERING: SECTION: MAXIMUM ULTIMATE DESIGN WIND SPEED, V ult < 140 MPH: MAXIMUM ULTIMATE DESIGN WIND SPEED, V ult ≥ 140 MPH: Asphalt shingles: R905.2: ASTM D226 Type I ASTM D4869 Type I, II, III or IV ASTM D6757: ASTM D226 Type II ASTM D4869 Type IV …Get 2024 Ice Dam Shield price options and installation cost ranges. Free, online Ice Dam Shield cost guide breaks down fair prices in your area. Input project size, product quality and labor type to get Ice Dam Shield material pricing and installation cost estimate examples.TABLE R905.1.1(1) UNDERLAYMENT TYPES ROOF COVERING: SECTION: MAXIMUM ULTIMATE DESIGN WIND SPEED, V ult < 140 MPH: MAXIMUM ULTIMATE DESIGN WIND SPEED, V ult ≥ 140 MPH: Asphalt shingles: R905.2: ASTM D226 Type I ASTM D4869 Type I, II, III or IV ASTM D6757: ASTM D226 Type II ASTM D4869 Type IV ASTM D6757: Clay …An ice and water shield, also known as an ice and water barrier, is a crucial component of roofing systems in regions prone to ice dams and heavy snowfall. It is a self-adhesive, rubberized asphalt membrane installed on the roof deck, typically in the areas most vulnerable to water infiltration, such as along eaves, valleys, and around roof ...To design a family shield, decide on a background shape, add artwork relating to aspects of your family heritage, choose colors that appeal to you and your family history, and add ...Our roof and gutter deicing cables work with a variety of roof types including shingle roofs and metal roofs. Ice Shield: Self-Regulating Deicing Systems 13 Reviews These deicing systems are self regulating, meaning the heating cable will increase or decrease its power output (Wattage per linear ft) in response to how cold or warm each section of the cable is. StormGuard® Film-Surfaced Leak Barrier is a key part of the GAF Lifetime Roofing System. 2 It’s eligible for Lifetime ltd. warranty when used on Lifetime Shingle roofs 2 and it’s an eligible component of GAF residential enhanced warranties. It’s also covered by up to a 10-year ltd. warranty 3 when used with other approved non-asphaltic ... 1503.1 General. P. Roof decks shall be covered with approved roof coverings secured to the building or structure in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. Roof coverings shall be designed in accordance with this code, and installed in accordance with this code and the manufacturer’s approved instructions. R903.2.2 Crickets and Saddles. A cricket or saddle shall be installed on the ridge side of any chimney or penetration more than 30 inches (762 mm) wide as measured perpendicular to the slope. Cricket or saddle coverings shall be sheet metal or of the same material as the roof covering. Ice and water shield is used as an underlayment for roofs. It allows you to easily cover your roof and insulate it from ice, water, and snow damage. If you live in colder climates, protecting your roof from everlasting snow and melting ice is essential. Ice can slowly damage your roof, causing seepage and slow growth of mold and other water ... The roof needs to be repaired if it is damming. Poor insulation and air leaks are a typical cause. Improving attic ventilation can be a stopgap. For low slope roofs, ditching the shingle for a flat roof membrane system is ideal. Even with water&ice shield under the shingles, a roof that is ice damming will leak. –It creates a watertight seal around roofing nails and can even protect the roof if shingles are blown off. The shield should extend to the eaves, edges, and ...Ice and water shields are designed to provide a watertight barrier on a roof to prevent water infiltration in areas prone to ice dams, heavy rain, or other sources of water …Oct 25, 2023 · Cost: This ice and water shield is generally more expensive than other brands, but the added cost is justified by the product’s durability and performance. 2. Grace Ice & Water Shield® by GCP. GCP is a trusted name in the roofing industry, known for its innovative and reliable products. Exceptions: As an alternative, self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen underlayment complying with ASTM D1970 installed in accordance with both the underlayment manufacturer's and roof covering manufacturer's instructions for the deck material, roof ventilation configuration and climate exposure for the roof covering to be installed, shall …Our ice and water shield for roofing is perfect for defending your home against brutal weather. This product is made with water-proof materials, repelling any …An ice shield is a roof underlayment. It fully adheres to the roof under the top layer of roof material, acting as a permanent water barrier. It lays over the roof decking and drip edge — a type of metal flashing — so water runs off the roof. This means your shield won’t blow away or shift around due to pressure from water or snow.TL-0004 — Slope Requirements. Technical Letter. GCP’s underlayments (GRACE ICE & WATER SHIELD®, GRACE ICE & WATER SHIELD® HT, GRACE ULTRA™, GRACE SELECT™, GCP granular underlayment, Roof Detail Membrane™, TRI-FLEX® and TRI-FLEX® 15) are intended for use on sloped roofs and are not intended to … The Grace 36 in. x 66.7 ft. Ice and Water Shield offers leak protection to trouble-prone spots and can be used as an underlayment to help sloped roofs resist water penetration due to wind-driven rain or water back-up resulting from ice dams. This easy-to-apply membrane seals around nails and resists drying and cracking to provide a long, reliable service life. AsktheBuilder.com: An ice and water shield is a great roofing product to create leak-free roofs. This ice & water shield is applied as an underlayment prior to putting the shingles on the roof. This ice shield seals nail holes better then regular tar paper roofing materials. Ice and water shield is used as an underlayment for roofs. It allows you to easily cover your roof and insulate it from ice, water, and snow damage. If you live in colder climates, protecting your roof from everlasting snow and melting ice is essential. Ice can slowly damage your roof, causing seepage and slow growth of mold and other water ... Aug 30, 2022 · UPGRADE PICK: GCP Grace Ice & Water Shield HT; BEST FELT: Warrior Roofing 30W Roofing Felt; BEST RUBBERIZED: GCP Grace Ice & Water Shield; BEST SYNTHETIC: Owens Corning ProArmor Synthetic Roof ... In today’s fast-paced world, it’s essential to have access to convenient and efficient healthcare services. Blue Shield understands this need and has developed a user-friendly onli...Our ice and water shield for roofing is perfect for defending your home against brutal weather. This product is made with water-proof materials, repelling any …While this practice is less problematic with a vented roof, which can dry into the vent cavity, it still suffocates the wooden roof deck and relies on the principle of the "perfect" seal, which works only as long as it remains perfect. If it fails for any reason, then it becomes a moisture trap. #2.In today’s digital age, managing your health insurance has never been easier. With the advent of online platforms, such as My Blue Shield Account, individuals can access their heal...However, as a general guideline, the cost of Ice and Water Shield can range from $0.50 to $2.00 per square foot. Lower-end products may be available at around $0.50 to $1.00 per square foot, while higher-quality options or specialty products may cost around $1.50 to $2.00 per square foot or more.Apply GRACE ICE & WATER SHIELD® HT roofing underlayment in fair weather when the air, roof deck, and membrane are at temperatures of 40°F (5°C) or higher. Apply roof covering material at temperatures of 40°F (5°C) or higher. Cut the membrane into 10–15 ft (3–5 m) lengths and reroll loosely. Peel back 1–2 ft (300–600 mm) of release ...Proven track record—Grace Ice & Water Shield is the name brand in roofing underlayments with a. 30-year track record of protecting roofs from ice dams and wind- ...Specifically designed to meet the challenges inherent in metal roof assemblies. Delivers all the advantages of Grace Ice and water shield® with thermal stability up to 260° F. Seals around roofing nails, resisting leakage caused by water back-up, ice dams or wind-driven rain. Can be left exposed for up to 120 daysGet free shipping on qualified Ice and Water Shield Roof Underlayments products or Buy Online Pick Up in Store today in the Building Materials Department.Contact us today to schedule an in-person evaluation of your roof. If it’s an emergency, call us on 1 (203) 745-5028. Ice and Water Shield protects your roof from damage rain, snow or ice can cause to the wood roof deck and interior. We recommend it for our installations.Defender Ice & Water. Product Line: TopShield. Product Description: Roof underlay adhesive membrane consisting of a reinforced glass mat and sand ...Liberty_Roofing_and_ May 31, 2008, 1:40am 5 IMO you eithier scrape it off as good as you can and go over it with new, or you remove the decking and install new.TABLE R905.1.1(1) UNDERLAYMENT TYPES ROOF COVERING: SECTION: MAXIMUM ULTIMATE DESIGN WIND SPEED, V ult < 140 MPH: MAXIMUM ULTIMATE DESIGN WIND SPEED, V ult ≥ 140 MPH: Asphalt shingles: R905.2: ASTM D226 Type I ASTM D4869 Type I, II, III or IV ASTM D6757: ASTM D226 Type II ASTM D4869 Type IV …The big question is, "Do I install the ice and water shield over or under the felt or synthetic underlayment?" The next question, "Should I install the IWS o... Roofing materials that do require an ice barrier are: “asphalt shingles, metal roof shingles, mineral surfaced roll roofing, slate and slate-type shingles, wood shingles and wood shakes.”. Though not called out in R905.1.2, PV roof shingles and building-integrated PV roof panels do require an ice barrier, and that is noted under the ... 30 Mar 2022 ... The definition of ice and water shielding is simple: It's a layer of peel and stick underlayment that you put in place to protect a roof deck ... Most ice and water shield is sold in rolls that are 36″ in width and with varying lengths. The 36″ width ensures that it can cover the required or recommended amount on most roofs. run = eave overhang + wall thickness + 24″. rise = run ÷ 12 × roof pitch. ice barrier coverage = run² + rise². 1507.9. Photovoltaic shingles. 1507.17. For roof slopes from three units vertical in 12 units horizontal (3:12), up to four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (4:12), underlayment shall be two layers applied as follows: Apply a 19-inch strip of underlayment felt parallel to and starting at the eaves.Radio frequency interference, also known as RFI, is a problem for most consumer electronic devices. The RFI occurs when the signal from once devices interrupts the signal of anothe...What is Ice and Water Shield exactly? Ice and Water Shield is still a fairly new product in the roofing industry, but boy, it's made a huge impact on our ab...The basic cost to Install an Ice Dam Barrier is $6.11 - $7.58 per square foot in January 2024, ... Roof jacks, pneumatic roofing nailer, shingle cutting tools. Daily rental. Consumables extra. 134 square feet: $205.16: $252.18 : Unused Minimum Labor Balance of 2 hr(s) minimum labor charge that can be applied to other tasks.Jun 29, 2023 · Install GRACE ICE & WATER SHIELD® roofing underlayment directly on a clean, dry, continuous structural deck. Some suitable deck materials include plywood, wood composition, metal, concrete, and gypsum sheathing. Prior to membrane application, remove dust, dirt, loose nails, and old roofing materials. Protrusions from the deck area must be removed. Get 2024 Ice Dam Shield price options and installation cost ranges. Free, online Ice Dam Shield cost guide breaks down fair prices in your area. Input project size, product quality and labor type to get Ice Dam Shield material pricing and installation cost estimate examples.2384 posts · Joined 2007. #6 · Apr 24, 2007. No asphalt shingle, even a lengthy warranted one, will last very long on such a minimal pitched roof. The amount of snow and ice settlement which remains on top of the shingles will …Product Description. GRACE ICE & WATER SHIELD® has been the premier self-adhesive underlayment product used in domestic roof protection under shingles for more than 30 years. It has performed in the critical areas under the most severe climatic conditions to protect against wind-driven rain and the effects of ice dam build-up beneath the shingles.An ice and water shield comes in the form of rolls. While the length and the width of the rolls may vary, it generally falls in the range of 3-5 feet wide. To install an ice and water shield, you will need the following materials and tools: Roll of ice and water shield; Utility knife; Roofing nails or staples; Hammers or staple gunsROOF DETAIL MEMBRANE is a premier membrane based on the GRACE ICE & WATER SHIELD® roofing underlayment technology. The new membrane has the RIPCORD® split-release on demand feature placed in the center and near the edge (18 in. width) for easy installation at the transition areas as well as allowing for future tie-ins.While roofs are built to last a long time — depending on the material, some can have lifespans of 50 years or more — many homeowners will need to replace theirs eventually. Replaci...TL-0004 — Slope Requirements. Technical Letter. GCP’s underlayments (GRACE ICE & WATER SHIELD®, GRACE ICE & WATER SHIELD® HT, GRACE ULTRA™, GRACE SELECT™, GCP granular underlayment, Roof Detail Membrane™, TRI-FLEX® and TRI-FLEX® 15) are intended for use on sloped roofs and are not intended to …Sean shows us how to add ice and water shield to the roof after the eave drip edge installation. Ice and water shield helps protect against ice damming and w...The roof needs to be repaired if it is damming. Poor insulation and air leaks are a typical cause. Improving attic ventilation can be a stopgap. For low slope roofs, ditching the shingle for a flat roof membrane system is ideal. Even with water&ice shield under the shingles, a roof that is ice damming will leak. –225 sqft roll, ice & water shield, self-adhered membrane forms a watertight seal around roof fasteners, apply at eaves & in detail areas to prevent leaks caused by ice dams & on the whole roof to prevent leaks caused by wind driven rain, roll dimension: 36 in. x 75 ft. (225 sq. ft.) , upc: 048444000002.Ice & water shield is a critical component of a GAF Roofing system. That's because it protects a roof deck from moisture that could cause your roof to leak. ... Plus it can be applied over existing poly surface ice and water barriers so re-roofing is easy and less costly. For optimal protection, apply to entire roof deck on 2:12 to 4:12 pitch roofs. Ensure proper ventilation is met when applied over the entire roof deck. The Armour Your Roof Needs. Our ArmourGard Ice and Water Protector is used for waterproofing under shingled roofs preventing water penetration due to ice dams or wind-driven rain. It can also be used as an underlayment around chimneys, dormers, vent stacks, skylights and other roof-top structures or apertures, around doors and windows, and as ...Ice and water shield is a self-adhering leak barrier that is placed on the most vulnerable areas of your roof to prevent leaks. Ice and water shield is placed along the …Protecting Homes and Reputations with Roofing Underlayments for 40+ Years. Since 1978, self-adhering GRACE ICE & WATER SHIELD® roofing underlayment has been ... The Grace 36 in. x 66.7 ft. Ice and Water Shield offers leak protection to trouble-prone spots and can be used as an underlayment to help sloped roofs resist water penetration due to wind-driven rain or water back-up resulting from ice dams. This easy-to-apply membrane seals around nails and resists drying and cracking to provide a long, reliable service life. Grace Ice & Water Shield, now sold by GCP Applied Technologies, was the first such product on the market, introduced almost 40 years ago, and is probably the best known peel-and-stick roofing membrane. In addition to valleys, self-adhesive membranes are also useful around skylights, eaves, and roof transitions such as roof-wall …Specifically designed to meet the challenges inherent in metal roof assemblies. Delivers all the advantages of Grace Ice and water shield® with thermal stability up to 260° F. Seals around roofing nails, resisting leakage caused by water back-up, ice dams or wind-driven rain. Can be left exposed for up to 120 daysIce & Water Shield Roof. There are mixed recommendations and opinions that come from manufacturers as to the use of Ice & Water Shield to “completely” cover all roof surfaces that are to be shingled. The answer we get is that it may trap moisture in the structure and not allow it to “permeate” thru the roof assemblies.Simply measure the roof angle, overhang, and exterior wall width, placing those measurements into the calculator above. Our free ice and water shield calculator will give you the exact length you need to install from the roof edge. Provide this measurement with your estimate submission to the insurance adjuster, or submit your estimate to ...TABLE R905.1.1(1) UNDERLAYMENT TYPES ROOF COVERING: SECTION: MAXIMUM ULTIMATE DESIGN WIND SPEED, V ult < 140 MPH: MAXIMUM ULTIMATE DESIGN WIND SPEED, V ult ≥ 140 MPH: Asphalt shingles: R905.2: ASTM D226 Type I ASTM D4869 Type I, II, III or IV ASTM D6757: ASTM D226 Type II ASTM D4869 Type IV ASTM D6757: Clay …Oct 4, 2023 · Ice and water shield protects your roof’s integrity. The protective membrane goes on top of the roof deck and below the roofing materials. The self-adhesive membrane prevents extensive roof damage. Ice and water shield costs between $4 and $5.50 per square foot installed. 1503.1 General. P. Roof decks shall be covered with approved roof coverings secured to the building or structure in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. Roof coverings shall be designed in accordance with this code, and installed in accordance with this code and the manufacturer’s approved instructions.Using ice and water shields on roofs offers a range of significant advantages in protecting against water damage and improving overall roof longevity. These shields …Installing roofing is no small task, but if you’re up for the challenge, you’ll want to plan carefully. This guide will help you prep for the big job ahead, whether you’re installi...Clean and dry the roof surface: Before installing the ice and water shield, make sure the roof surface is clean and dry. Remove any debris or loose material that may interfere with the adhesion of the shield. Overlap the sheets: When installing multiple sheets of ice and water shield, make sure to overlap them properly.TABLE R905.1.1(1) UNDERLAYMENT TYPES ROOF COVERING: SECTION: MAXIMUM ULTIMATE DESIGN WIND SPEED, V ult < 140 MPH: MAXIMUM ULTIMATE DESIGN WIND SPEED, V ult ≥ 140 MPH: Asphalt shingles: R905.2: ASTM D226 Type I ASTM D4869 Type I, II, III or IV ASTM D6757: ASTM D226 Type II ASTM D4869 Type IV …TABLE R905.1.1(1) UNDERLAYMENT TYPES ROOF COVERING: SECTION: MAXIMUM ULTIMATE DESIGN WIND SPEED, V ult < 140 MPH: MAXIMUM ULTIMATE DESIGN WIND SPEED, V ult ≥ 140 MPH: Asphalt shingles: R905.2: ASTM D226 Type I ASTM D4869 Type I, II, III or IV ASTM D6757: ASTM D226 Type II ASTM D4869 Type IV …An ice and water shield is a waterproofing membrane that is installed on your roof’s vulnerable areas, typically near the eaves and in valleys. This self-adhering …

14 July 2021 ... An ice and water shield should be installed on every roof. Hard, driven rain can easily penetrate your roof shingles and an ice shield is the .... Guitar notes strings

ice shield roof

Installing the correct metal roofing underlayment for your metal roof in New England is crucial. To learn more about installing the correct metal roof underlayment for your project, please call (978) 562-7770 or contact us to receive a free consultation. We look forward to hearing from you. Get A Free Roofing Consultation.22 Feb 2020 ... If the roof is not properly ventilated, the Ice & Water Shield will trap more moisture then normal causing the potential for mold growth and ...The ice and water shield is an amazing roofing product that was first introduced in the 1980s. If you have a roof that you know to be older than 1980, it won’t have this great product under the shingles. After that time, it quickly came to be used by most companies to create better roofing systems, whatever the weather.Generally, Ice and Water Shield does not need to be applied to the whole roof. For a steep roof (over 4:12) you could apply it to the entire roof, but it’s probably overkill and an added expense. For a low slope roof with shingles (4:12 or less), it’s an option to meet the underlayment requirements dictated by the IRC. Dependable: Self-seals around nails to help avoid leaks. Fiberglass-reinforced: Helps resist buckling and wrinkling that can detract from the look of your finished roof. Split-back Release Film: Peels off in layers for fast installation. Convenient: Available in 1.5 square (150ft. 2 [13.9 m 2) and 2.0 square (200 ft. 2 [18.58 m 2 ]) roll size. 24 Apr 2007 ... Check with your building department it may be against code to shingle such a low slope. Never the less it is just plain stupid to do so and is ...Roof Detail Membrane is a premier membrane based on the GRACE ICE & WATER SHIELD® roofing underlayment technology. The new membrane has the RIPCORD® split-release on demand feature placed in the center and near the edge (18 in. width) for easy installation at the transition areas as well as allowing for future tie-ins. Shop Grace Ice & Water Shield 36-in x 75-ft 200-sq ft Rubber Roof Underlayment in the Roofing Underlayment department at Lowe's.com. The original, best-in-class self-adhered roofing underlayment. Re: Water and Ice Shield on entire roof, bad idea? Ice and water shield is designed to stop Ice dams, so I think using it on the first three feet of the roof is a good idea. Further up seems like a waste of time and money imho. For a better roof how about using one of the newer roofing underlayments.GAFWeatherWatch 36 in. x 50 ft., 150 sq. ft. Mineral-Surfaced Peel and Stick Roof Leak Barrier Roll. Shop this Collection. Add to Cart. Compare. $3298. /roll. Roofing materials that do require an ice barrier are: “asphalt shingles, metal roof shingles, mineral surfaced roll roofing, slate and slate-type shingles, wood shingles and wood shakes.”. Though not called out in R905.1.2, PV roof shingles and building-integrated PV roof panels do require an ice barrier, and that is noted under the ... Ice and Water Shield (also known as peel and stick) has quickly become one of the most popular roofing accessories in the market today. Why? Well because it's …1507.9. Photovoltaic shingles. 1507.17. For roof slopes from three units vertical in 12 units horizontal (3:12), up to four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (4:12), underlayment shall be two layers applied as follows: Apply a 19-inch strip of underlayment felt parallel to and starting at the eaves.When it comes to transporting your snowmobile, investing in a high-quality trailer salt shield is essential. A salt shield not only protects your snowmobile from road debris and ha...Clean and dry the roof surface: Before installing the ice and water shield, make sure the roof surface is clean and dry. Remove any debris or loose material that may interfere with the adhesion of the shield. Overlap the sheets: When installing multiple sheets of ice and water shield, make sure to overlap them properly..

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