Soil temperatures in iowa - Built for You. Soil Temperature App is an ideal tool for anyone who needs to monitor soil temperature and moisture levels, including farmers, landscapers, gardeners and researchers. Whether you're planting crops, tending to your garden, preparing a construction site, or conducting scientific experiments, we provide you with the data you need to ...

 
The high temperature for Des Moines reached 80 degrees for the last day of April and made for the fourth day of the month with such a warm high temperature. The featured chart presents the number of such days each April for the airport. The average total is just two days, but there have been other recent years with higher totals than this year.. 1929 20 dollar bill worth

Skip to main content Fore Cast. Weather for the Turf Industry. Menu. Home; Disease Risk. Dollarspot · Pythium Blight · Brown Patch · Anthracnose.Yes, Iowa has some of the world's most fertile soil. The state's soil is often referred to as "black gold" and is ideal for agriculture. It is a result of the glaciers that pushed into Iowa around 15,000 years ago and left behind rich deposits of loess. This fertile soil supports the state's agriculture industry and allows for high ...A soil temperature of 53º F. is when morels begin to make themselves known. By going to this link, you can get a rough idea of the soil temperature in your county. To be precise, however, take an instant-read thermometer with you, push it into the soil, and wait a moment until the temperature drops as low as it will go.So don’t leave it up to chance: Invest in a soil thermometer (about $10 and here’s a good one on Amazon) tells you in just a minute or two. Listed below are the soil temperatures at which various vegetables should be planted.* The temperatures are based on temperatures taken at 8 a.m. at 4 inches deep. (For beans, take the temperature at 6 ...This past winter season has been the coldest experienced in Iowa in 35 years and ranks as the 9th coldest winter in 141 years of records. Temperatures this winter season averaged 14.7 degrees or 7.2 degrees below normal," says Hillaker. Here is his report: On a month-by-month basis all three winter months were unusually cold this past season: A ...Early Corn Planting Considerations. Factors to Consider Before Planting Corn. 1. Soil temperature of at least 50º F at 2-inch depth and preferably a warming trend in the 3-5 day forecast. Germination and root development will not occur below 50º F (root growth will be extremely slow even in the low 50’s). Prolonged exposure to low ... The 2-inch Soil Temperature map displays the current soil temperature (degrees F) at 2 inches (5 cm) under the existing vegetative cover at each Mesonet site. This map is updated every 15 minutes. Theme. February temperatures in Iowa averaged more than 12 degrees above normal this year, which makes it one of the warmest on record, according to the Iowa Department of Natural Resources. ... About 80% of the state is suffering from some degree of drought, with the driest soil conditions in the northeast quadrant of Iowa. All or parts of 30 ...When it says switchgrass needs a soil temp of 55 to germ, how is that measured? Surely when we hit a 65 and sunny day the top soil must exceed 55, so it must be ...Feb 14, 2018 ... Proper Ground Temperature for cool-season grasses (such as Fescue) · These types of grasses grow like crazy when ground temperatures are between ...The 4-inch soil temperature (Figure 1) is below normal across Iowa and much lower than 2021 (up to 20 o F lower). Of interest, the 2022 topsoil soil temperatures are approaching record low levels for the first week of May. As a result, the rate of soil N mineralization is below normal in 2022 (Figure 2).Iowa may not be the first state that comes to mind when you think of craft beer, but it is quickly making a name for itself in the brewing world. With a growing number of breweries...Are you in the market for a new or used car in Mapleton, Iowa? Look no further than Macs Chevrolet, your trusted local dealership. With a wide selection of vehicles and exceptional...2.0 Million. Iowa residents in areas of drought, according to the Drought Monitor. Decrease of. 4.4%. since last week. 40th. wettest March on record (since 1895) 2.44 in. total precipitation.Cucumbers are a warm-season crop. Plant cucumbers after the danger of frost is past and soil temperatures have warmed to 60 to 70°F. In central Iowa, cucumbers may be planted in mid-May. Gardeners in southern Iowa can plant one week earlier. Plant 1 week later in northern portions of the state. The last practical date to sow cucumbers is July 10.On average, your last spring frost occurs on May 4 (at CEDAR RAPIDS #1, IA climate station, elevation 813 feet). Crop Based on Frost Dates Based on Moon Dates The 2-inch Soil Temperature map displays the current soil temperature (degrees F) at 2 inches (5 cm) under the existing vegetative cover at each Mesonet site. This map is updated every 15 minutes. Theme. May 1, 2022 ... For about two days more than a week ago, when the daytime high temperatures reached into the 80s, soil temperatures rose to the above-50-degree ...Zone 6: Around April 21st. Zone 7: Around April 3rd. If you’re planting grass in the fall, aim to plant seed at least 45 days before the first expected frost, which in Iowa those dates are: Zone 4: Around September 21st. Zone 5: Around October 13th. Zone 6: Around October 17th. Zone 7: Around October 29th.Soil Maps provide up-to-date data for the Continental U.S.. Generally, the soils data is updated in late fall of every year. The Surety and Surety Pro Soil Maps are unique in that they allow for the inclusion of many different types of data all on one map. Access the CSR and CSR2 for Iowa, Bulletin 811 for Illinois, NCCPI for the continental US ...While soil temperatures at the 4-inch depth dropped down into the low 40s and even upper 30s across the state of Iowa by November 2, warmer air temperatures this week will raise soil temperatures, possibly above the 50° F threshold. Soil temperatures at the 4-inch depth across the state of Iowa for Nov. 2, 2020.Soil temperatures for each county in Iowa are available at Iowa State Mesonet and Ag Weather facts along with other weather information. That includes soil moisture readings …Another line of showers and a few thunderstorms developed in western Iowa after noon with temperatures in the upper 70s and low 80s across much of Iowa. Behind the cold front, conditions cooled into the upper 60s where clouds and rain were present. ... Four-inch soil temperatures were in the low to mid-40s east to upper 40s and low 50s west as ...Soil particles have a lower heat capacity and higher heat conductivity than water; therefore, dry soils can potentially warm and cool faster than wet soils. In central Iowa a study found that strip tillage improved soil temperatures in the top two inches by 2 F compared to no-tillage (Al-Kaisi and Hanna, 2002).Five experts discussed the widespread impacts of extreme weather during an hour-long panel at Iowa Ideas 2022. ... Resources, like crop insurance policies and soil health initiatives, help farmers ...Soil Temperatures. Data from the Iowa State Soil Moisture Network is found on this website and daily soil temperature averages are used to produce the highlighted analysis.Note: Soil temperatures in 2010, 2012 and 2014 fell less than 2 F below 50 F after the date shown and then remained above 50 F after May 12, April 30, May 3, respectively. According to the data presented in Part 1 of this series, the optimum temperature for corn germination and emergence is in the mid-70s. Average soil temperatures like this ...However, evening temperatures are still dropping down to the 40s. Frosting typically occurs between 33 to 36 degrees, according to Iowa State University. While frost generally causes minor damage ...Related: When to plant corn in central Midwest. "That's kind of a magic number, 50 degrees, for planting corn," observes Jim Fawcett, an Iowa State University Extension field agronomist in eastern Iowa. "That's when corn will germinate, with a soil temperature of 50 degrees or higher. "The reason for not planting before that is the seed ...Despite continued cool soil temperatures, 9 percent of Iowa’s expected corn crop has been planted, 11 days behind last year and 9 days behind the 5-year average. Farmers in the western one-third of the Iowa had at least 3.7 days suitable for fieldwork and made more planting progress than those in the rest of the State.This past winter season has been the coldest experienced in Iowa in 35 years and ranks as the 9th coldest winter in 141 years of records. Temperatures this winter season averaged 14.7 degrees or 7.2 degrees below normal," says Hillaker. Here is his report: On a month-by-month basis all three winter months were unusually cold this past season: A ...Only seven days elapse from planting to emergence when the soil temperature is 70 degrees. Insects, earthworms, weeds and the micro-organisms that influence the fate of nitrogen in our fields are directly impacted by soil temperature. Central Iowa soil temperature in late April is normally 47 to 62 degrees; the long term average is 57 degrees F.A soil order is the most broad category within the NRCS system of soil classification. There are 12 recognized orders, and each of these provides information about basic properties affecting soil management. For this contest, we will limit consideration to the following five soil orders that are found in Iowa.So don’t leave it up to chance: Invest in a soil thermometer (about $10 and here’s a good one on Amazon) tells you in just a minute or two. Listed below are the soil temperatures at which various vegetables should be planted.* The temperatures are based on temperatures taken at 8 a.m. at 4 inches deep.Current Iowa surface weather map Yesterday's 4-inch soil temperatures across Iowa (courtesy D. Todey) Introduction: Data coursesy of Iowa State University Departments of …Current Temperature Map for Iowa. These current conditions and the related content/links on this page are not a substitution for the official weather briefing from the FAA. Please contact the FAA for more information on pilot briefings or. call 1-800-WX-BRIEF (800-992-7433).You can monitor the 3-day history average soil temperatures in every Iowa county and forecasted 4-inch soil temperatures here on the ISU Environmental Mesonet website. Historically, the soil temperatures at the 4-inch depth cool below 50° F in the northern third of the state the first week of November.The best time to fertilize in spring is when the daytime temperatures are in the 70s on a consistent basis. When this is the case, soil temperature should be in the 60s. This temperature range is essential for successful fertilization in the spring. Pay attention to the weather and time your fertilizer application accordingly. You don't want ...Soil study shows why nitrous oxide emissions should factor into climate change mitigation. Posted Nov 8, 2021 2:00 pm. ... The technology utilizes small containers placed at various locations on top of the soil of ISU research farms in central Iowa. The containers pump air samples into a central shed where an analyzer automatically measures ...The Soil Moisture Network uses a non-heated tipping bucket rain gauge and is unable to measure snowfall. If you are interested in higher quality precipitation data, check out the …Mar 27, 2022 ... No photo description available. Kent Welbes and 180 others.Soil temperature map available through Iowa State can help guide planting decisions for farmers | Iowa Soybean Research Center.soil temperature statistics based on the period 1991 to 2020 for the north-central United States. This tool can be used to answer questions such as: →On average, on what day of the year does a location's soil temperature warm above or cool below a threshold temperature, say 50°F? → What would be considered an early date for a ...This is great news as most of NE Iowa is currently not experiencing any drought conditions according to the latest U.S. Drought Monitor, released on March 9, 2023. Adequate moisture levels throughout the soil profile continue to look good so far as many farmers are beginning to prepare for planting season.". Four-inch soil temperatures across ...Planting before it is time can reduce fruit set, stunt plant growth, and prevent or reduce seed germination. Plants such as tomatoes, cucumbers, and snap peas benefit from soils at least 60 degrees F. (16 C.). Sweet corn, lima beans, and some greens need 65 degrees F. (18 C.) Warmer temperatures into the 70's (20's C.) are required for ...Iowa 4 inch soil temperature maps for the last three days are published by ISU Extension and the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Soil temperatures at 4-inch depth around Iowa are kept updated on the weather page on Iowa State University's website. People involved in agriculture who are interested in weather can watch two online sites ...Take advantage of 48-hour windows of 50°F soil temperatures with good planting conditions so your farmwide corn field planting dates fall more in the optimum periods as shown in the Iowa article. CropWatch posts daily and weekly soil temperature averages (provided by the Nebraska State Climate Office ) in map and table formats for sites across ...soil temperature statistics based on the period 1991 to 2020 for the north-central United States. This tool can be used to answer questions such as: →On average, on what day of the year does a location's soil temperature warm above or cool below a threshold temperature, say 50°F? → What would be considered an early date for a ... Current Iowa surface weather map Yesterday's 4-inch soil temperatures across Iowa (courtesy D. Todey) Introduction: Data coursesy of Iowa State University Departments of Agronomy and Geological and Atmospheric Sciences. The Iowa Department of Transportation has established an automated weather observation syatem network across Iowa. 6" Soil Temperatures under Soybean Residue (Soil temperature data will be updated by 9:00 AM on weekdays and 11:00 AM on weekends.) 6" Soil Temperatures under Soybean Residue for May 1, 2024: Hour (CST) Monroe Co. Monroe City: Audrain Co. Vandalia: Morgan Co. Versailles: Boone Co. Columbia: Knox Co. Novelty: Lafayette Co. Alma:Insulating basement walls is tricky without proper instruction. Learn how to insulate basement walls properly at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement ­A few generations ago, many houses di...The reduction of daytime temperatures in Iowa because of generally wetter conditions has improved both plant development and seed formation for corn and soybeans. 5 ... Arguably the strongest passion of a Midwest farmer is the vernal urge to get seeds planted once the soil temperature reaches 50 °F. It is no surprise then that farmers have ...Iowa, often referred to as the “Hawkeye State,” is a hidden gem for outdoor enthusiasts. With its diverse landscape of rolling hills, scenic rivers, and lush forests, this Midweste...Without action, by 2100, Iowa could see around 55 days per year with a heat index above 100 degrees Fahrenheit. And 30 of those could have a heat index of 105 degrees Fahrenheit or more. Currently, Iowa averages fewer than five dangerous heat days a year. Rising temperatures like this have big consequences, but perhaps none is more important ...57.2°F. 67.5°F. 48.6°F. 56.6°F. -. Soil temperatures are taken at 4 inches below the soil surface under bare soil. The locations listed in this table are more specific than the table used prior to March 1, 2017. We have included the former location names (AKA=also known as) for your convenience in locating previous sites.Beets 85°F. Carrots 80°F. Corn 95°F. Lettuce 75°F. Peas 75°F. Tomato 85°F. Note that the optimum temperature may seem high. There is also an optimum range, or realistic temperature, which includes temperatures quite a bit lower. At the lower end of this range, one would expect 70 - 80 % germination.This is great news as most of NE Iowa is currently not experiencing any drought conditions according to the latest U.S. Drought Monitor, released on March 9, 2023. Adequate moisture levels throughout the soil profile continue to look good so far as many farmers are beginning to prepare for planting season.". Four-inch soil temperatures across ...Daily Data Request Form: Information: This interface accesses the archive of daily weather data collected from the Iowa State Agclimate Automated Weather stations. Please select the stations and weather variables desired below.Illinois Farm Bureau. Soil Temperatures. Hover over a thumbnail to change the large map. or click to view at full-size. Northwest Soil Temperatures. Northcentral Soil Temperatures. Northeast Soil Temperatures. Southwest Soil Temperatures. Southcentral Soil Temperatures.The soil that's darkest in color is widely known as topsoil. Soil scientists call this layer the "A-horizon." It's the "black, organic, rich soil that's really good for growing crops," says Evan ...A total of 20 soil stations were distributed throughout this same area. The soil characteristics included in this data set are volumetric soil moisture, vertically and horizontally polarized brightness temperature, effective soil temperature, effective vegetation temperature, vegetation water content, land cover classification, sand and clay ...As of April 7, soil temperatures ranged from 46 F in southern Iowa to as low as 33 F in the north. Daily fluctuations are common, especially in early spring. Historically, the optimum planting window for Iowa corn has been April 11 to May 18, with a shorter window in the northern part of the state compared to the south.Cucumbers are a warm-season crop. Plant cucumbers after the danger of frost is past and soil temperatures have warmed to 60 to 70°F. In central Iowa, cucumbers may be planted in mid-May. Gardeners in southern Iowa can plant one week earlier. Plant 1 week later in northern portions of the state. The last practical date to sow cucumbers is July 10.For 45 days, soybeans in both soil types grew under optimal temperatures, 28°C or 82°F, and elevated temperatures, 38°C or 100°F. Elango and the team surface-sterilized the soybean seeds prior to planting to remove seed microbes. They also minimized exposure to outside factors to accurately monitor the sensitivity of the soil microbiome to ...Soil Temperatures. Data from the Iowa State Soil Moisture Network is found on this website and daily soil temperature averages are used to produce the highlighted analysis. Precipitation. More Precipitation Maps. Current Data. The IEM combines data from participating networks into products like maps shown above and web applications to analyze ...May 9 - 15, 2022. DES MOINES, Iowa (May 16, 2022) — Iowa Secretary of Agriculture Mike Naig commented today on the Iowa Crop Progress and Condition Report released by the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service. The report is released weekly April through November. "Very hot temperatures and drier than normal conditions last week ...When to Use Crabgrass Preventer. Crabgrass seeds start germinating as the soil warms up. Initial emergence typically occurs when the ground gets to be about 55° F. And most crabgrass germinates between 60° F and 70° F. Sunlight, wind, moisture, and the amount of shade your lawn receives predominantly influence soil temperatures.Calcareous or high lime soils occur in two kinds of situations in Iowa. One situation occurs where erosion has been so rapid that calcareous parent material is exposed at the surface. ... is made by the acid test. A few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid will cause a calcareous soil to effervesce (emit bubbles of carbon dioxide). A 1 N or 1 M ...4 inch Soil Temperature Probabilities. This application computes soil temperature exceedance based on the observation record of a ISU Ag Climate site. The average daily 4 inch soil temperature is used in this calculation. Spring: The values represent the percentage of years that a temperature below the given threshold was observed after a given ...The first people came to what's now Iowa at least 12,000 years ago. Thousands of years later Native American tribes including the Dakota Sioux, Illini, Ioway, Missouria, and Otoe lived on the land.. French explorers reached the area in 1673, and in 1682 the land was claimed by France.Over the next century Spain and France fought multiple wars over the region, and control of the land shifted ...So don’t leave it up to chance: Invest in a soil thermometer (about $10 and here’s a good one on Amazon) tells you in just a minute or two. Listed below are the soil temperatures at which various vegetables should be planted.* The temperatures are based on temperatures taken at 8 a.m. at 4 inches deep.Soil Temperatures. Data from the Iowa State Soil Moisture Network is found on this website and daily soil temperature averages are used to produce the highlighted analysis.Soil temperatures should be about 60 degrees before setting the tomato plant into the garden, ... What is the soil temperature in Iowa? Here's the best time to garden. View comments ."Historically, soil temperatures at a 4-inch depth cool below 50 degrees in the northern third of the state during the first week of November," says Elwynn Taylor, ISU Extension climatologist. "In central and southern Iowa, soil temperatures cool below 50 degrees during the second week and third week of November."Iowa City (Johnson County) reported the week's high temperature of 84 degrees on the 27th, 18 degrees above average. Several northern stations reported the week's low temperature of 25 degrees on the 22nd, on average 12 degrees below normal. Four-inch soil temperatures ranged from the low 50s northwest to low 60s southeast as of Sunday. ###Another line of showers and a few thunderstorms developed in western Iowa after noon with temperatures in the upper 70s and low 80s across much of Iowa. Behind the cold front, conditions cooled into the upper 60s where clouds and rain were present. ... Four-inch soil temperatures were in the low to mid-40s east to upper 40s and low 50s west as ...Despite continued cool soil temperatures, 9 percent of Iowa's expected corn crop has been planted, 11 days behind last year and 9 days behind the 5-year average. Farmers in the western one-third of the Iowa had at least 3.7 days suitable for fieldwork and made more planting progress than those in the rest of the State.Iowa 4 inch soil temperature maps for the last three days are published by ISU Extension and the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Soil temperatures at 4-inch depth around Iowa are kept updated on the weather page on Iowa State University's website. People involved in agriculture who are interested in weather can watch two online sites ...Iowa is seeing certain impacts of climate change impacts more clearly than much of the rest of the country, ... soil absorption and land use. Still, according to the analysis, the Mississippi ...Make sure to stay informed with your local weather forecast, covering current weather conditions and a 7-day outlook. The hourly weather updates will provide you with the latest temperature, heat index or wind chill values, and real-time weather conditions, whether it's cloudy or clear. Furthermore, you'll find information about sunrise and ...Roadway Weather Information System. The Iowa Department of Transportation maintains a set of observing stations located along major roads in the state. These stations measure pavement temperatures as well as atmospherics. The DOT has a good website called WeatherView, which contains recent obs and a wealth of other information.Southwest Soil Temperatures: Southcentral Soil Temperatures: Southeast Soil Temperatures: DTN Weather: Local Weather Radar County Forecast State Forecast DTN Weather Commentary US Satellite Current Surface Analysis Wind Conditions Today's Forecast Highs Tonight's Forecast Lows 24 Hr Surface ForecastSoil temperature map available through Iowa State can help guide planting decisions for farmers | Iowa Soybean Research Center.Historical Iowa Weather. These graphs take a look at average Iowa precipitation, growing degree days (GDD), and high and low temperatures from the year 2000 to 2015. As you can see, over the past few years we have experienced many extreme events from the heat in 2012, significant rainfall in June of 2010 and 2014, and above … Current Weather and Growing Season Parameters; Weather: Current Iowa surface weather map : Soil Temperature: Yesterday's 4-inch soil temperatures across Iowa (courtesy D. Todey) Air Temperatures: Yesterday's Maximum Temperature; Yesterday's Minimum Temperature. Current Monthly Mean Temperature. Yesterday's Max and Min Temperature . Precipitation: Mar 25, 2024 · Iowa’s spring presents a window for planting grass seed when soil temperatures consistently stay above 50°F (10°C). This typically occurs after the last frost date, which varies based on the growing zone: Zone 4: Plant seed after May 12th. Zone 5: Plant seed after April 30th.

As of April 7, soil temperatures ranged from 46° F in southern Iowa, to as low as 33° F in the north. Daily fluctuations are common, especially in early spring. Historically, the optimum planting window for Iowa corn has been April 11 to May 18, with a shorter window in the northern part of the state compared to the south.. Montgomery county iowa sheriff

soil temperatures in iowa

Apr 26, 2018 ... When will the morels pop in your area? Phenological clues and soil temperature are productive ways of keeping track of the season's ...Nailing the perfect soil temperature for planting potatoes can feel like a high-stakes guessing game. But fear not, understanding the Goldilocks zone—not too hot, not too cold—can turn the odds in your favor. We've already mentioned that potatoes thrive when planted in soil temperatures that hover between 45°F and 55°F.Soil GDUs were calculated from the data logger temperatures to approximate how long emergence would take under low and high residue conditions. In general, approximately 125 soil GDUs are needed after planting for corn emergence. From April 1 to April 30, soils under low residue were able to accumulate 99 soil GDUs.Farmers are reminded to wait until soil temperatures remain below 50 degrees Fahrenheit before applying anhydrous ammonia (NH3) fertilizer this fall. Harvest is progressing rapidly in many parts of the state and officials with the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship and Iowa State University Extension and Outreach …The chances of finding morels improve when daytime temperatures reach the 60s and nighttime temperatures are in the 50s. More specifically, a soil temperature of 53 degrees is the time to start looking. Variables affecting ground warmth include type of soil (well-drained sandy soils warm up more quickly than clay), the degree that the ground ...Soil temperatures should be about 60 degrees before setting the tomato plant into the garden, ... What is the soil temperature in Iowa? Here's the best time to garden. View comments .Current Conditions and Outlooks. Climatology Home. Recent Climatology Maps. Weekly Growing Season Report. Monthly Weather Report.For much of Iowa, this is the last week in April or the first week in May. Find your frost-free date in this article: Frost Dates in Iowa. Some cool-season vegetables and annuals like broccoli, cabbage, or pansy, tolerate light freezing temperatures and can be planted 2 to 4 weeks before the average last frost date. Soil and ContainersSoil Moisture 0 to 3 feet. 1 of 82. earlier. FACTS is an ongoing project developed to forecast and evaluate in real-time soil-crop dynamics at specific ISU research fields (field scale) and at regional scale. Predictions will be frequently updated as new information becomes available. The project investigators and Iowa State University are not ...Soil Temperatures. Data from the Iowa State Soil Moisture Network is found on this website and daily soil temperature averages are used to produce the ... ECT/RT-1 Temperature Port 1 6 in 57.8 °F ECT/RT-1 Temperature Port 2 12 in 52.9 °F *Soil temps are updated hourly. Soil Probe located in Havelock, Iowa. Havelock ... 1 Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, Iowa Technology Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, ... When soil temperature is above 40 °C, temperature function is set as the value of the cubic function at 40 °C. The YL95 exponential function is now used for soil temperature between 0 °C and 20 °C.Farmers till their land to prepare soil for planting, but a new study published in the journal "Earth's Future" found topsoil in the Midwest is eroding on average nearly 2 millimeters per year.The probabilities range from 5% up to 60%. The SPC can even outlined a hatched significant area, which is issued when there is a 10% or greater probability of wind gusts 65 knots or greater within 25 miles of a point. The Storm Prediction Center issues severe weather outlooks for day 1, 2, 3 and 4 through 8. See if your area is under a severe ...Figure 2. Daily average 12-inch soil temperature and moisture in Ames (solid lines) from December 1, 2019 to April 14, 2020 compared to the averages for the previous 5 years (dotted lines). Data courtesy of the Iowa Environmental Mesonet. Figure 3. Bean leaf beetle overwintering in crop residue. Photo by John Obermeyer..

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